From: owner-ammf-digest@smoe.org (alt.music.moxy-fruvous digest) To: ammf-digest@smoe.org Subject: alt.music.moxy-fruvous digest V14 #2244 Reply-To: ammf@fruvous.com Sender: owner-ammf-digest@smoe.org Errors-To: owner-ammf-digest@smoe.org Precedence: bulk alt.music.moxy-fruvous digest Friday, December 23 2016 Volume 14 : Number 2244 Today's Subjects: ----------------- Do you know ProFlightSimulator will be the perfect game for you? ["ProFli] ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Date: Wed, 21 Dec 2016 06:33:23 -0600 From: "ProFlight Simulator" Subject: Do you know ProFlightSimulator will be the perfect game for you? Do you know ProFlightSimulator will be the perfect game for you? http://newgamme.us/KVKaopqTqrD-dykVZhlKZxd2O8xr7T3kuBPoaUHQDMHjlw4 Show New ProFlightSimualtor Results View These ProFlightSimualtor Solutions Do you know ProFlightSimualtor will be the perfect game for you? http://newgamme.us/R10zaAeRMBNHGDL0no4hv5xSBP9weFXxjjV9bA-eFoYP8QQ Following his conquests of Gujarat and Bengal, Akbar was preoccupied with domestic concerns. He did not leave Fatehpur Sikri on a military campaign until 1581, when the Punjab was again invaded by his brother, Mirza Muhammad Hakim. Akbar expelled his brother to Kabul and this time pressed on, determined to end the threat from Muhammad Hakim once and for all. In contrast to the problem that his predecessors once had in getting Mughal nobles to stay on in India, the problem now was to get them to leave India. They were, according to Abul Fazl "afraid of the cold of Afghanistan." The Hindu officers, in turn, were additionally inhibited by the traditional taboo against crossing the Indus. Akbar, however, spurred them on. The soldiers were provided with pay eight months in advance. In August 1581, Akbar seized Kabul and took up residence at Babur's old citadel. He stayed there for three weeks, in the absence of his brother, who had fled into the mountains. Akbar left Kabul in the hands of his sister, Bakht-un-Nisa Begum, and returned to India. He pardoned his brother, who took up de facto charge of the Mughal administration in Kabul; Bakht-un-Nis continued to be the official governor. A few years later, in 1585, Muhammad Hakim died and Kabul passed into the hands of Akbar once again. It was officially incorporated as a province of the Mughal Empire. The Kabul expedition was the beginning of a long period of activity over the northern frontiers of the empire. For thirteen years, beginning in 1585, Akbar remained in the north, shifting his capital to Lahore in the Punjab while dealing with challenges from beyond the Khyber Pass. The gravest threat came from the Uzbeks, the tribe that had driven his grandfather, Babur, out of Central Asia. They had been organised under Abdullah Khan Shaybanid, a capable military chieftain who had seized Badakhshan and Balkh from Akbar's distant Timurid relatives, and whose Uzbek troops now posed a serious challenge to the northwestern frontiers of the Mughal Empire. The Afghan t! ribes on the border were also restless, partly on account of the hostility of the Yusufzai of Bajaur and Swat, and partly owing to the activity of a new religious leader, Bayazid, the founder of the Roshaniyya sect. The Uzbeks were also known to be subsidising Afghans. An Imaginary Pencil Sketch showing the Battle of Karrapa and Malandrai (1586). The Mandanr Yusufzais and Yusufzais tribesmen opposition was greater than before. On reaching the Karappa Crest just South of Daggar the Mughal Troops imagined they had reached their goal, the Samah, only to meet with bitter disappointment. In front of them was yet another narrow dale, leading right by difficult ways up to Malandrai Pass. Everything fell into confusion, the van and main body pushed on in disorder; only in rearguard, under Zain Khan, was there any semblance of ordered array. The tribesmen lined both crests parallel with the track to the summit, and poured in volleys of arrows and stones on the harassed crowd. As night came on, the ranks became panic-stricken, and, the way reconnoitered, were entangled in the mazes of the hills. In their anxiety to get forward many fell into pits or over precipices, and the route was blocked, elephants, horses and men mixed together in inextricable confusion and disarray. In the melee which followed Raja Birbul and 8,000 (Eight thousand) men of Emperor Akbar's Army lost their lives, including the gallant Bhitanni, Hasan Khan. The poet, Abul Fateh, cowering beneath a bush, was picked up by Zain Khan, who pushed slowly on with the only force that held together. After heavy fighting he and Abul Fateh reached a point near the crest of the Malandrai and bivouacked for the night. The tribesmen, glutted with slaughter and spoil, drew off, and, three days, later Zain Khan with a sorry remnant reached Attock Fort to report what had befallen. For two days Akbar would not admit Zain Khan and Abul Fateh to his presence; he charged them with failure to bring in the body of Birbul to be burnt. (NoteK This Pencil Sketch drawn in July 1! 973 by M r. Taskeen Ahmad Khan received the First Award by the University of Peshawar in the same year). In 1586, Akbar negotiated a pact with Abdullah Khan in which the Mughals agreed to remain neutral during the Uzbek invasion of Safavid held Khorasan. In return, Abdullah Khan agreed to refrain from supporting, subsidising, or offering refuge to the Afghan tribes hostile to the Mughals. Thus freed, Akbar began a series of campaigns to pacify the Yusufzais and other rebels. Akbar ordered Zain Khan to lead an expedition against the Afghan tribes. Raja Birbal, a renowned minister in Akbar's court, was also given military command. The expedition turned out to be a disaster, and on its retreat from the mountains, Birbal and his entourage were ambushed and killed by the Afghans at the Malandarai Pass in February 1586. Akbar immediately fielded new armies to reinvade the Yusufzai lands under the command of Raja Todar Mal. Over the next six years, the Mughals contained the Yusufzai in the mountain valleys, and forced the submission of many chiefs in Swat and Bajaur. Dozens of forts were built and occupied to secure the region. Akbar's response demonstrated his ability to clamp firm military control ove ------------------------------ End of alt.music.moxy-fruvous digest V14 #2244 **********************************************