From: owner-ammf-digest@smoe.org (alt.music.moxy-fruvous digest) To: ammf-digest@smoe.org Subject: alt.music.moxy-fruvous digest V14 #10584 Reply-To: ammf@fruvous.com Sender: owner-ammf-digest@smoe.org Errors-To: owner-ammf-digest@smoe.org Precedence: bulk alt.music.moxy-fruvous digest Tuesday, January 24 2023 Volume 14 : Number 10584 Today's Subjects: ----------------- Congratulations! You can get a $90 American Airlines gift card! ["Get Rea] ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Date: Tue, 24 Jan 2023 15:41:43 +0100 From: "Get Ready" Subject: Congratulations! You can get a $90 American Airlines gift card! Congratulations! You can get a $90 American Airlines gift card! http://americanaiirline.shop/emlUFmf1Q1Cr_PnmESYzziB8vNDgFI3bt9SSNstLKEHFeKOsqg http://americanaiirline.shop/RBdBI6BRxeb67K8iJC2VjUUc2BD6DfSG6eoNU8qEal0H3oIZqw The best way of using cast iron for bridge construction was by using arches, so that all the material is in compression. Cast iron, again like masonry, is very strong in compression. Wrought iron, like most other kinds of iron and indeed like most metals in general, is strong in tension, and also tough b resistant to fracturing. The relationship between wrought iron and cast iron, for structural purposes, may be thought of as analogous to the relationship between wood and stone. Cast-iron beam bridges were used widely by the early railways, such as the Water Street Bridge in 1830 at the Manchester terminus of the Liverpool and Manchester Railway, but problems with its use became all too apparent when a new bridge carrying the Chester and Holyhead Railway across the River Dee in Chester collapsed killing five people in May 1847, less than a year after it was opened. The Dee bridge disaster was caused by excessive loading at the centre of the beam by a passing train, and many similar bridges had to be demolished and rebuilt, often in wrought iron. The bridge had been badly designed, being trussed with wrought iron straps, which were wrongly thought to reinforce the structure. The centres of the beams were put into bending, with the lower edge in tension, where cast iron, like masonry, is very weak. Nevertheless, cast iron continued to be used in inappropriate structural ways, until the Tay Rail Bridge disaster of 1879 cast serious doubt on t ------------------------------ End of alt.music.moxy-fruvous digest V14 #10584 ***********************************************