From: owner-ammf-digest@smoe.org (alt.music.moxy-fruvous digest) To: ammf-digest@smoe.org Subject: alt.music.moxy-fruvous digest V14 #10583 Reply-To: ammf@fruvous.com Sender: owner-ammf-digest@smoe.org Errors-To: owner-ammf-digest@smoe.org Precedence: bulk alt.music.moxy-fruvous digest Tuesday, January 24 2023 Volume 14 : Number 10583 Today's Subjects: ----------------- Congratulations! You can get a $100 Dollar General gift card! ["Dollar Ge] ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Date: Tue, 24 Jan 2023 15:39:11 +0100 From: "Dollar General Shopper Gift Card Chance" Subject: Congratulations! You can get a $100 Dollar General gift card! Congratulations! You can get a $100 Dollar General gift card! http://belivbeliv.shop/d_CdXpZ7ru6ssNotO2wFIavnH2CHRNYdvkIv6cCiBwpz-aFT_A http://belivbeliv.shop/iffRG1OmwBkMehkrCgieUrEWNWmZiB_OMTCSZbLaBaihRmgHXA ast-iron beam bridges were used widely by the early railways, such as the Water Street Bridge in 1830 at the Manchester terminus of the Liverpool and Manchester Railway, but problems with its use became all too apparent when a new bridge carrying the Chester and Holyhead Railway across the River Dee in Chester collapsed killing five people in May 1847, less than a year after it was opened. The Dee bridge disaster was caused by excessive loading at the centre of the beam by a passing train, and many similar bridges had to be demolished and rebuilt, often in wrought iron. The bridge had been badly designed, being trussed with wrought iron straps, which were wrongly thought to reinforce the structure. The centres of the beams were put into bending, with the lower edge in tension, where cast iron, like masonry, is very weak. Nevertheless, cast iron continued to be used in inappropriate structural ways, until the Tay Rail Bridge disaster of 1879 cast serious doubt on the use of the material. Crucial lugs for holding tie bars and struts in the Tay Bridge had been cast integral with the columns, and they failed in the early stages of the accident. In addition, the bolt holes were also cast and not drilled. Thus, because of casting's draft angle, the tension from the tie bars was placed on the hole's edge rather than being spread over the length of the hole. The replacement bridge was built in wrought iron and steel. Further bridge collapses occurred, however, culminating in the Norwood Junction rail accident of 1891. Thousands of cast-iron rail underbridg ------------------------------ End of alt.music.moxy-fruvous digest V14 #10583 ***********************************************